小林健(Ken Kobayashi)によるテキスト〜齊藤拓未個展 「流れ落ちる時のなかで」

Bright Shadow

 Plants will not grow well unless proper watering frequency, light conditions, and nutritional status are maintained. In particular, light is an important element for plants, but it is quite difficult to create it artificially. Therefore, it is necessary to find a location with sunlight appropriate for each plant, but occasionally there are those deemed suitable for bright shade. If taken literally, it must be a place that simultaneously satisfies both light and shadow, and one becomes bewildered by this contradictory brightness. One might imagine suitable environments such as a room where light filters through lace, dappled sunlight beneath trees, or a place where sunlight shines in only briefly, but when light intensity is actually measured, there would surely be considerable discrepancies, and none of them seem to be the correct answer. Upon opening several gardening books and synthesizing their content, it becomes clear that bright shade apparently refers to a type of shadow in which one senses a faint brightness through indirect sunlight. Even knowing this, the vision of clearly bright light remains elusive in the phrase “bright shade.” It seems as though experience grounded in failure is the only recourse, and this ambiguity is indeed intriguing. However, facing such ambiguity without obtaining confirmation of knowledge regarding life and death sits uneasily, as though it grants a place to distorted emotions.

齊藤拓未《school zone》2023

 When I first saw Takumi Saito’s paintings, I felt a very similar emotion. To be frank, I felt somewhat awkward. This is because in Saito’s paintings, I sensed both a hesitation toward the furtive gaze directed at others’ daily lives and, simultaneously, a perverse happiness in succumbing to that irresistible desire. A compulsion one cannot help but direct one’s gaze toward. In this space, there is a faint seeping of complex emotions mingled with admiration, nostalgia, and affection. There exists a precarious naiveté, like that of a child unconsciously wavering at the ambiguous boundary between cherishing and manipulating. Colors with muted tones and minimal shadows, rounded and simple outlines. The archaic expressions of the girls, thinking nothing in particular, seem to be created by the simple expression of eyes combined merely of arcs and ellipses. The stylistic graphic expression functions like lace that softens the awkwardness of Saito’s voyeuristic gaze. As Roland Barthes states in his text theory “The Death of the Author,” temporarily setting aside the existence of the painter allows viewers to appreciate the work without noise and creates a situation easier to analyze the work itself. However, Saito’s paintings do not permit this. They do not drive themselves to death but expose the self through the gaze. I can assert that this gaze contains no ignoble emotion, yet I do not deny that a subtle violence is inherent in this voyeuristic attitude. The more one endeavors to forget the artist Saito and to purely see only what is depicted, the more one becomes assimilated into the touch of danger permeating the work, and again feels awkward. This is a gentle painting, yet one that is awe-inspiring in ensnaring the viewer. Then, let us gradually unravel this and first tame this awkwardness.

齊藤拓未《childish》2023

 Saito paints not only girls but also empty parks, landscapes of trees, small toys, and other subjects as works. First, I would like to consider these works. It appears that places and objects that everyone overlooks or gives no thought to are extraordinarily appealing to Saito’s eye. For a moment, a cunning imagination crosses one’s mind—that perhaps she is painting the scenery that lies before the girls’ vague gazes—but since those scenes seem somewhat sharper than to be superimposed upon the girls’ vacant stares, and it seemed that a spirit searching for the “Genius Loci” of a place dwells within them, I abandoned that thought. The concept of “Terrain Vague” (vacant land) discussed by architect Ignasi de Solà-Morales refers to vacant spaces appearing in the gaps of cities, meaning so-called abandoned sites or underutilized places. Even within cities created as functionally and efficiently as possible, distortions inevitably emerge somewhere. Architecture and urban planning work to eliminate such distortions—vacant land. Solà-Morales describes this as “colonial construction,” and it is precisely such a thing. By directing attention to “Terrain Vague”—a brief dormant land abandoned by or evading the usurper that is the city—artistic expression draws out the unknowns inherent in the urban. Saito’s eye is the same. Play equipment standing untouched in a desolate, unpopular park, devoid of children, only emphasizes the absence of the bustle that must once have existed there. Rather than questioning why the place has declined, she depicts the unfulfilled place—the “Terrain Vague”—the absence that floats within it, and the unknown that arises from it. What Christian Norberg-Schulz calls “Genius Loci” is an attitude of comprehending the history and spirit continuously accumulated in a place as context, and the unknown of “Terrain Vague” can be said to be a situation where the worn “Genius Loci” retains only faint traces. Here, Saito gently collects into her painting the image sensed from a “Genius Loci” so faint that only she can perceive it.

齊藤拓未《知らない広場》2023

 The unknown and the ambiguous. Let us return to the paintings of girls. Saito does not paint the girls as portraits. They are depicted as “not yet” anything—as “ambiguous” beings. During idle time, the girls wear dull expressions. But it is the eyes. The pupils of those girls, exposing their unadorned faces defenseless, have no light. Being nothing, they are unaware of being seen, and even if their pupils are turned toward us, they never truly “see.” For the girls in the painting, the absent one is Saito and ourselves. A gaze cannot meet what is absent. If they do not meet, do they perhaps bounce off each other? “Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There” begins with contrastive descriptions of the black cat Kitty and the white cat Snowdrop. The existence of the two cats imprints upon the reader’s consciousness from the outset the role of a mirror that produces things that are similar yet not identical. Kitty and Snowdrop are a mischievous black cat and a well-behaved white cat, but in the mirror world, they transform into the instructive Red Queen and the somewhat lackluster White Queen, with their respective balances reversed. The mirror world reflects the likeness of reality yet remains different. When Alice enters the mirror world, she twirls things around the room in a hand mirror, showing Kitty the reflected world. And the moment she enters the mirror world, realizing it differs from reality, the girl becomes anxious and yet delightedly excited. The mirrored world appears to faithfully capture reality as is, yet is clearly something else. In “A History of the Shadow,” Victor I. Stoichita discusses how predecessors since Pliny’s “Natural History” sought to discover the origins of painting through shadow and mirror. Within this, he introduces a passage from Alberti’s “On Painting”: “…always, on the opposite side from what you are seeing, is covered in shadow…” If shadow is cast because light striking an object is blocked, then there is always reflected light on the opposite side. Stoichita cites this somewhat critically, placing Alberti’s shadow under the paradigm of the mirror, but apart from his intention, this mirror-like relationship between light and shadow is fraught with implications. Since the gaze is an exchange of light between self and other, when both parties possess equal brightness, the gaze exchanges affectionately. If one light is too strong, it pierces and exploits the object, and to that extent, the act of seeing is violent. This is why Saito’s paintings are always whitened. Her own gaze is brightened and clouded. Bright shadow falls. In the preface to “A History of the Shadow,” Stoichita cites Hegel. Light and shadow are identical in that they cannot be perceived in either complete light or complete darkness, and only when each has a clouded light and an illuminated darkness—a mutually acting relationship—does discussion distinguishing between them become possible. Excessive light effaces everything, and darkness, the deeper it becomes, swallows all. The world reflected in human eyes barely subsists in the space between. Within an even narrower range of this brightness permitted to humans, Saito’s painted world exists humbly. Perhaps, should dazzling light eventually pour into that space, this scene might appear even more brilliant. But then, the furtive gaze Saito directed toward the girls would need to be equally strong, or else the figures of the girls would surely be erased by the light. Strong light is not needed in this private space. No matter how unbearable the awkwardness, one must not direct a strong gaze upon this ephemeral and ambiguous place. This is a safe and ambiguous vacant land, a small opening in the gaps created by bothersome phenomena—society, wealth, politics, and glittering adults. Here, being nothing is permitted. In the twilight, not seeing is also permitted. Saito’s paintings quietly confine within the picture those things permitted to exist in the bright shadow, unnoticed.

 

[1] Roland Barthes “The Death of the Author,” “Structural Analysis of Narrative” (trans: Hikaru Hanawa), Mizu Shobo, 1979
[2]Christian Norberg-Schulz “Genius Loci: Toward a Phenomenology of Architecture” (co-trans: Kunio Kato, Hiroo Tasaki), Summai no Toshokan Publishing, 1994
[3]Ignasi de Solà-Morales Rubió “Terrain Vague” (trans: Jun Tanaka), “Anyplace: Questions of Place,” NTT Publishing, 1996, pp128-134
[4]Lewis Carroll “Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There” (illustrated: Jan Švankmajer / trans: Kumisato Kubo), Esquire Magazine Japan, 2006
[5]Victor I. Stoichita “A History of the Shadow” (trans: Atsushi Okada, Ken Nishida), Heibonsha, 2008, p.80
[6]Victor I. Stoichita “A History of the Shadow” (trans: Atsushi Okada, Ken Nishida), Heibonsha, 2008, p.7

Text by Takeshi Kobayashi

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